Various Essays On Goldings Lord Of The Flies -- essays research pape

1. Given that neandertal represents society and its rules, he must fuddle found his situation on the island disturbing at the least. At first, there is no organized social structure of any kind no smear of leadership existed. There was an absence of rules. This must have been very disturbing to Piggy. Then, as the story progresses, a sort of chain of leadership emerges with Ralph being voted as chief. Ralph raised his hand for silence. All right. Who wants damn for chief? With dreary obedience the choir raised their hands. Who wants me? Every hand outside the choir except Piggys was raised immediately. Then, Piggy too, raised his hand grudgingly into the air. Ralph counted. Im chief then.(LoF p21). Then, a little bit later, Ralph brings up the idea of rules Jack was on his feet. Well have rules he cried excitedly. Lots of rules Then when anyone breaks them-(LoF p33). When the hunters kill their first pig is when we start to see signs of a more primal society, or omit thereof. T hey repeat the chant, Kill the pig. Cut her throat. Spill her blood. Piggy obviously if fed up with Jack and his hunters, asking, What are we? Humans? Or animals? Or savages? Whats grownups press release to think?(LoF p.91). And then, Ralphs authority is challenged by Jack. Jack first disregards the rule of letting the person with conch speak without interruption. Then he directly challenges Ralph, saying, And you shut up Who are you, anyway? Sitting there, telling people what to do. You cant hunt, you cant sing-(LoF p91). From this confrontation is goes vote downhill on the island. On pg. 114, a juicy gets a little out of hand, when Robert pretends to be the pig, and the others pretend to hunt him, but then they become more serious and actually hurt him. He is not killed, however. Eventually, Jack and some of the other boys split apart from Ralph and his group. Jack and his hunting band kill another pig savagely, reveling in its agony. The peak of their decline was when they kil led Simon, calling him a beast, during the storm. Then Piggy is killed, and the conch is shattered, and that is when I consider them to be at the absolute lowest in society nothing more than savages.2. In the novel, surface-to-air missile and Eric are introduced early as two separate people, beings, that resemble one entity. Even while he blew, Ralph noticed the last pai... ... stood on the sand, looking down at Ralph in wary astonishment.(LoF p200). The attire of the boys and the officer also stand in stark contrast. The officer is dressed with a military neatness, with a clean, adorned uniform, most likely clean, shaved, etc. The boys, however are in need of hair cuts, most of them are covered with clay, and theyre probably wearing the dilapidated remains of shorts or pants. Despite how much more civilized the officer must look than the children, an irony remains. This officer represents adult life, responsible, capable, but rattling bearing the same prospect for evil as the s avages. This officer, who interrupted a manhunt, is going to rescue the children and take them off of the island, but to where? To a cruiser that impart soon be hunting its enemy in the sam way as the savages hunted Ralph. To me, the irony is that although the officer and his cruiser seem to be so much more civilized than these little savages, he isnt. Its just like what the Beast told Simon. No matter where you go, you cant get off from him. Because this Beast, this capability for evil, exists in everyone.

Spinoza And Free Will Essay -- essays research papers

There argon numerous great philosophical ideas and dubietys that are known and of course unknown. One of the questions that really enticed my interest was the question of whether or not we have free will. I myself was once a viewr of tidy sum having free will and doing what I want was my choice and my choice alone. However, after careful consideration and lectures I have been reversed in how I believe in free will. Is there any free will though? Many people would say yes there is and of course there are slightly who believe that free will is a fallacy and not to be believed. Whether or not there is free will is yet to be driven but what we have to go on and by is from philosophers and every person who has their two cents to fill in. In this discussion of philosophy there will be points made for and against the establishment of free will and basis for judgement of free will exists or not.Spinoza, Paul, Augustine, Luther have all grappled with this question of free will for many years. What has been said goes to a religious side. Which has been believed of an omnipotent God who will preordain who would be saved and who would be lost. In the simple but complex question in the book of whether or not you slept in late or not, and has been said that God knew you would. With the explanation of the book in its words go as follows This...

Finance: Stocks Vs Treasury Bonds :: essays research papers

Historically speaking, stocks have been found to be no more tryy than exchequer bonds. Over the past twenty years vast research has been done on this subject. Jeremy Siegel of the University of Pennsylvanias Wharton School stated that, The safest long-term investment for the economy of purchasing power has clearly been stocks, not bonds. Since the mid nineteen twenties, company stocks have average annual returns close to 11%, while on the otherwise hand, Treasury Bonds only return with a little over 5%.Currently stocks atomic number 18 on the move. Since 1982 the reason for this is the declining risk premium. The return, or risk premium, that is take is much less. This is for several reasons. Investors have realized not to be so fearful of the great unpredictability of stocks. Instead of dropping stocks in the short run, investors are learning to hold out for the long run to see huge benefits. Secondly, Americans are now keeping stocks in accounts that require long-term holdin g, such as retirement accounts. Also, businesses are becoming much more efficient and the chance of undergoing devastating turn-arounds in a recession are much less. The tax milieu is more generous, foreign threats have ceased dramatically, and the government management has vastly improved.The bottom line is that the risk of investing stocks is much less than it ever has been before. The level of the risk premium is heading towards zero, while currently holding at 3%. That 3% is much better than the historical average of 7%.James K. Glassman and Kevin A Hassett, authors of the book, Dow 36,000, claim that the prediction of the Dow reaching 36,000 is not out of the realm of possibilities. If the earnings grow in the long term at the same rate as the GDP and treasury bonds are below 6%, then it is very possible for the Dow to hit a level of 36,000. One critic of Dow 36,000, Burton G. Malkiel, stated that the rise in stocks that has been occurring is the beginning to an adjustment tha t will only be complete when stocks and bonds are expensed to offer equivalent returns, and that implies a level of 36,000 for the Dow today with a price earnings multiple of 100.So the question remains at whether the authors of Dow 36,000 are ready or incorrect about the arguments and predictions that they make in their book. They are correct in what they predict in their book, but they need to make sure to not lead some not-so-experienced investors down the wrong road of deception.

Mental Imagery on Athletic Performance Essay -- Athletics Sports Neuro

psychogenic Imagery on Athletic Performance What is Mental Imagery? Mental imagery, also called visualization and amiable rehearsal, is defined as experience that resembles perceptual experience, but which occurs in the absence of the appropriate stimuli for the relevant apprehension (plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-imagery/). Whenever we imagine ourselves performing an action in the absence of physical practice, we are said to be using imagery. While most discussions of imagery focus on the visual mode, there exists other modes of experience such as auditory and kinesthetic that are just as important. However, for the purposes of this paper, only visual imagery will be discussed for it is the most relevant mode concerning athletic performance. Claims Although sports psychology is becoming more prevalent in todays society, there is a impress lack of web sites that endorse and offer visual imagery skills for sports. The few advertisements that I found endorse tapes which deed of conveyance to rapidly improve your athletic skill, concentration, and endurance. ocular imagery advocates purport that this technique increases energy and avoids injuries as well. Not only will visualization improve athletic performance but the ads also claim that it will enhance motivation and overall enjoyment of the sport (www.health-o-rama.org/superlearning/spec-s.htm). Peak Performance Sports looks to sell tapes that has the latest methods in sports psychology, one of them being mental imagery, which will elevate your game to a new level. The tapes will increase confidence, focus and self-composure which will in turn, improve your athletic performance. These tapes can work for either type of athlete, whether they are profes... ...xercise Psychology, 17(1), 54-69. Murphy, S. (1990). Models of Imagery in Sport Psychology A Review. Journal of Mental Imagery, 14 (3&4), 153-172. Orlick, T., Zitzelsberger, L., LI-Wei, Z., & Qi-wei, M. (1992). The Effect of Mental-Imagery Training on Performance sweetening With 7-10-Year-Old Children. The Sports Psychologist, 6, 230-241. Pavio, A. (1985). Cognitive and Motivational Functions of Imagery in Human Performance. Journal of Applied Sports Science, 10, 22-28. Porter, K., Foster, J. Visual Athletics. Dubuque, Iowa Wm. C. Publishers, 1990. Roure, R., et al. (1998). Autonomic Nervous System Responses Correlate with Mental Rehearsal in Volleyball Training. Journal of Applied Physiology, 78(2), 99-108. Suinn, R. Psychological Techniques for Individual Performance. New York, New York Macmillan, 1990. p 492-506.

air pollution :: essays research papers

Air Pollution Air befoulment is a serious problem in more of the worlds large cities. Heavy concentrations of line of credit pollutants, which are often in the form of smog, settle over a city, creating a health hazard for its people. Air pollution occurs when wastes dirty the diffuse. People produce most of the wastes that give birth air pollution. Such wastes are usually in the form of gases. These substances result chiefly from burning give the axe to power motor vehicles and to heat buildings. Industrial processes and the burning of garbage also contribute to air pollution. Natural pollutants include dust, pollen, soil particles, (100 Words) and naturally occurring gases.(Encyclopedia)The rapid gain of population and industry, and the increased use of automobiles and airplanes, have made air pollution a serious problem. The air we take place has become so filled with pollutants that it after part cause health problems. Polluted air also harms plants, animals, building m aterials, and fabrics. In addition, it causes damage by altering the earths atmosphere. In and article published by THE NEWS in New Mexico they warned If current environmental protection policies are no unforced, pollutants in city air will increase virtuoso million tons annually by year 2010. (Encyclopedia, The News)Air pollution (100 Words) can have a huge effect on health. When people breathe polluted air, the impurities can irritate their air passages and their lungs. Particles often stay in the lungs and can worsen symptoms such as asthma and bronchitis. Radon can cause lung cancer in inhaled in large quantities. Certain chemical compounds can cause cancer and birth defects also. Air pollution has also been linked to tenderheartedness attacks claims an article in the Health Scout News. The study adds to the evidence linking particles from automobile exhausts, power plants, and refineries to heart problems.(Encyclopedia, Health Scout News)The United States does (100 Words) try to control air pollution. All levels of government federal, state, and local have passed laws designed to control pollution. Congress passed the Air Quality Act in 1967. Under this act, the federal government sets goals called air quality standards for achieving cleaner air. The states must enforce air pollution controls to meet the goals. When states fail to enforce the regulations, the federal government can act against the polluters by appalling fines.

air pollution :: essays research papers

Air Pollution Air contamination is a serious problem in many of the worlds large cities. Heavy concentrations of way pollutants, which are often in the form of smog, settle over a city, creating a health hazard for its people. Air pollution occurs when wastes dirty the radiate. People produce most of the wastes that private road air pollution. Such wastes are usually in the form of gases. These substances result chiefly from burning fire to power motor vehicles and to heat buildings. Industrial processes and the burning of garbage also contribute to air pollution. Natural pollutants include dust, pollen, soil particles, (100 Words) and naturally occurring gases.(Encyclopedia)The rapid egress of population and industry, and the increased use of automobiles and airplanes, have made air pollution a serious problem. The air we emit has become so filled with pollutants that it pile cause health problems. Polluted air also harms plants, animals, building materials, and fabrics. In addition, it causes damage by altering the earths atmosphere. In and article make by THE NEWS in New Mexico they warned If current environmental protection policies are no unforced, pollutants in city air will increase mavin million tons annually by year 2010. (Encyclopedia, The News)Air pollution (100 Words) can have a huge effect on health. When people breathe polluted air, the impurities can irritate their air passages and their lungs. Particles often stay in the lungs and can worsen symptoms such as asthma and bronchitis. Radon can cause lung cancer in inhaled in large quantities. Certain chemical compounds can cause cancer and birth defects also. Air pollution has also been linked to nerve center attacks claims an article in the Health Scout News. The study adds to the evidence linking particles from automobile exhausts, power plants, and refineries to heart problems.(Encyclopedia, Health Scout News)The United States does (100 Words) try to control air pollution. All levels of government federal, state, and local have passed laws designed to control pollution. Congress passed the Air Quality Act in 1967. Under this act, the federal government sets goals called air quality standards for achieving cleaner air. The states must enforce air pollution controls to meet the goals. When states fail to enforce the regulations, the federal government can act against the polluters by dire fines.

‘Popular’ Music

Popular medicament is the broadest and as the name would suggest most prevalent genre of music today. The term Popular Music was world-class used in the 19th century only it is the twentieth century that has seen the most developments in popular music. , the technology it uses and the media it is conveyed in The start of Pop Music is mainly thought to have been in the 1950s with the advent of Rock n Roll. This is when music was first really brought to a mass audience watching on television.By the cobblers last of the 1950s over half the population owned a television. Millions to a greater extent than at the start of the decade. Popular tidy sums were made popular because they were being brought to the masses. The 1960s saw a broadening in popular music with TV shows such as Top of The Pops showing a selection of hits from the top 40 of the singles graph. This use of the media brought most styles of music that were popular to a mass audience. Later in the 1970s and 80s pop maga zines were introduced. Some such as Smash Hits were aimed at the younger early teen end of the mart while others such as NME or New Musical Express were aimed at older more refined music fans to popular music. The late 1980s saw a flurry of new popular music magazines, many of which are still popular today, rock magazine Kerrang being a leading example. I debate that the 1990s has seen a dumbing-down of some magazines such as Smash Hits . Now aimed at an even younger possibly pre-teen audience it is little more than a promotional vehicle for the groups and artists represented in its pages.The featured groups in these magazines are often from a new sub-genre that has developed from the 1980s to instantly and is known as the manufactured band. In recent years the idea of manufactured bands or artists has been embraced into the reality TV format with shows such as Pop Idol showing the development of a band or artist live on TV. I believe this innovation has been bad for music in gen eral as the top 40 chart is now flooded with either reality TV winners, reality TV losers or artists who have gone through a similar process but have non been televised in doing so.In recent years music television has risen to the fore as a major part of an artists success. When MTV was launched in the early 80s who could have thought that the music video would set about the phenomenon it now is. Artists spend millions of pounds and hundreds of hours making sure their video is just right. In the early twenty-first century there are now over 20 music channels showing every thing from rock to rap, from classical to teen pop. merely nowadays all artists videos are so good that the music video seems to have gone full circle and now the music is more historic again.In the pop music industry there have been thousands of innovations over the years but no genre has surpassed the sub genre of rap for innovational ideas. Originating from street corners where young black males would battl e against each other using lyrics rap is now a multi-billion pound industry with the leading players earning vast fortunes. Rap has for certain come a long commission since its humble beginnings. The 1980s were a massive decade of innovation for rap, a genre that had begun in the 70s. the start of the 80s rappers were still using manual mixers to combine beats and mix tracks in the way that has become a hallmark of rap. By 1990 rappers were using digital mixers to blend beats more harmoniously. The result a more clear-cut sound that has perhaps made rap the music of the 90s. Pop music has come a long way since it begun in the 1950s. Technology and the media have perhaps had as larger part in pop musics success than the music itself. However I believe the media has become too involved nowadays by creating stars themselves while not playing other artists music.After all popular music should be about the music not making things popular. However there is one dark cloud that looms ove r the organisations that run the music industry such as record labels and the media. The Internet. Technology has now come so far that music files can now be swapped over the Internet through such software such as Napster or Kazaa. Now when a teenager hears a song he or she likes on the radio they dont rush to the record store. They rush to their computer. It is not just teenagers either. Millions of adults frustrate in this type of music piracy every day.Even though they are ripping off the very artists they love. I believe however that the bother is not with the designers of Kazaa or with the mountain who are downloading it. After all millions of people use these services, law abiding ordinary people. The reason for this I believe is because people see record companies as big faceless corporations who dont really care about music or people, just making money. I think it is the music companies responsibility to stop people using these ways of obtaining music by making popular mu sic mor about music and less about money.

Why Smart Phones Should Be Banned in Class

The cons of stall phones in school are numerous. The source of much public debate, the issue of whether to allow children and teens to bring their mobile phones to school has been discussed ad nauseam clear across the country, notwithstanding even now, there is no clear-cut answer, solution or conclusion. Below we will discuss the many reasons why it magnate not be a good idea to allow the use of cell phones in the classroom. There are many reasons why cell phones should not be allowed in the classroom.Distractions When a child is in school, his or her purpose there is to learn, whether it be about Columbus sailing the ocean blue or about how electricity works. Young people are more easily distracted than their elders because they tend to have shorter attention spans. If they become bored with the class material, it doesnt invite much for them to take out a Motorola Razar to play some cell phone games. How can you expect a teen to absorb all that association if theyre not even p aying attention.Cheating Obviously, kids wont be able to take out their cell phones and talk to one another in the classroom during an exam, but the concept of passing notes has meterped into the age of technology, thanks to the advent of text messages. These can be sent quite discretely while in the classroom. Taking it one step further, a student can excuse himself to go to the washroom, only to use that time to send text messages and leave voice mails.You also have to fend for in mind that cell phones are advancing and improving faster than ever. Certain smart phones can surf the Web (looking for test answers), others have move on calculators, and depending on the software, it may even be able to run custom applications. The possibilities for cheating and copying are literally limitless, and thus another con of cell phones in school.

Effective Advisory Committee

Establishing an informative committee In the early stages of development, the organization tends to engage more or less organically with stakeholder groups. Its not uncommon for representatives from such groups to occupy voting seats on the governing board of early-stage businesses.At the growth stage, investors often call for changes to the composition of boards, and In some cases, this may mean stakeholders lose their board positions to be replaced with independent directors approved by the investors. This process can contribute to a loss of what was at a time a natural connection between the organization and its stakeholders, and it can contribute to an erosion of mission focus at the board level of an organization (Ramani, 2015). cordial entrepreneurships can counteract the harmful effects of this change by establishing an advisory committee or advisory board that includes stakeholders. Non-profit organizations frequently use this approach to embarrass beneficiary groups, cli ents and other stakeholders in strategy formation without giving them voting positions on the governing board (Achleitner et al., 2012).An advisory committee can help the organization gather information, keep in touch with impacts, and test stakeholder views while avoiding the trap of creating a board thats too big or one whose members lack strategic skills.Advisory boards can also offer a way to tap into specialist expertise that may be missing from the main board group.Advisory bodies convened temporarily around a specific project or issue can feed findings back to the larger board and help shape strategic decisions (Ferrari, 2014). holy person investors who dont insist on a voting seat on the board may contribute insight and strategic expertise through participation an advisory committee (Achleitner et al. 2012).To work effectively, advisory bodies need to form part of the overall governance strategy established at the highest board level. This means that they must be formally s et, provided with a chair and a written brief, as well as criteria and processes for recruiting appropriate stakeholders. Safeguards need to be put in place to chequer the independence and accountability of the advisory board with clear systems for accountably feeding advisory board views back into the strategic deliberations of the main board group.

Anne Lamott’s Overture: Lily Pads

Anne Lamotts Overture Lily Pads, presents a chain of stumbled steps throughout her life by showing that for each one stagger has made her stronger and demonstrated that any misfortune and tribulation of her existence has allowed her to become one step closer to God. My objective is to obtain an enhanced concord of the nature and function of Anne Lamotts journey into her selected religion, which ends with her choosing Christianity by accepting Jesus everlasting love into her life.I will explain her journey as advantageously as how I debate she understands the concept of universe born again. I wish to present how her definition, perspective and judgement resembles or possibly heretofore differs from that of my own, enabling me to examine and understand from anothers point of view. Anne Lamotts mother and father were far from that of faith and had the mindset that believing meant that you were dim-witted. I think Lamotts father had a huge impact on her pro broaded journey into C hristianity as she clearly explains his hatred of the faith.Growing up yearning for his gladness and approval she dos to dismiss God to make him happy. Her journey starts with a love for Catholic Church. Her ideas and perception of God stemmed from her friends beliefs and her own youthful personal viewpoints. She grew up in a house overflowing with alcohol, pot, and atheism, altogether unmistakably interfering with her walk with Christ. As a child she prayed alone I just admit I always believed and that I did not tell a soul (Lamott 624).The quote shows the loneliness and confusion she must have experience at much(prenominal) a young age. Later Lamott begins to surround herself with her friends family who all read the sacred scripture, quote scripture and pray for their children each day, finally influencing her in a way that she seems comfortable and eager about. But as Lamott entered her mid teens she gradually drifted from faith and replaced it with alcohol, drugs and sex. I believe college made an enormous impact on wherefore she chose Christianity as her religion of choice.She becomes drawn to Judaism as an effect of having many Jewish college friends, but doesnt actually convert. However after reading a Christian bible story in one of her classes she states, I left class believing accepting that there was a God (Lamott 635). Throughout the next few pages her views on Christianity continue to change, as she goes back and forth from having faith in Christ to re tour her drug and sex crazed life. The meeting of a new preacher and visiting the Church from time to time guides her the way back to God.Towards the last few pages of the writing Lamott is visited by Jesus after illness following a fresh abortion, evaporating all of her disbeliefs, fears and enabling her to gradually dispose of the things she felt was immoral in her life, ending with a solid and blessed foundation of trust and faith. Anne Lamott clearly expresses the highs and lows of her Christian walk, enabling the audience to grasp the variety of influences and furthermore illustrating that her spirituality is actually the tie that binds them all together. My understanding of the concept being born again refers to being born from above.From my viewpoint being born again means knowing that God and Jesus are real. Being overflowed with the Holy Spirit that brings the sensation of slumber and understanding. To be born again is being forgiven for all past sin, no matter what obscurities or crimes you have committed in the past, as the glorious clemency of God is given freely. To be born again is to wipe your slate clean, to eliminate all bad habits and sins as well as sticking to the rules of the bible. Anne Lamotts teenage understanding of born again was that of a negative one as a result of her newly saved English teacher.Lamott writes I wept in Sues class at the betrayal, and the gentle patronizing efforts to console me (631). This was a consequence of her teache rs decision to now portray and trail her students through Christs eyes. This had a negative effect on Lamott, leading her in the opposite direction of Jesus, forcing her to obtain aggravate and argumentative behavior towards other Christians. Anne Lamotts passage describes the moment of her conversion into Christianity, she writes I hung my head and said Fuck it I quite. I took a long deep breath and said out loud, All right. You can come in (643).My personal idea of being born again perhaps wouldnt include coarse language and just allowing Jesus in, but would include graveling at his feet, praying and yearning for his forgiveness of all my thoughtless sins. Which is why Anne Lamotts understanding of being saved differs so very much from my own. Nearing the end of the text we learn of Anne Lamotts baptism, following pregnancy through a man she was dating.This additionally shows the difference between my own and Lamotts beliefs. It demonstrates that she isnt completely following G ods will, untraditionally creating a human life outside of the family structure God intended for every child. In Corinthians 72 of the Holy Bible it explains that countless sinful people have immoral sex outside of wedlock and should first be married, so the saved can fulfill their passions in a moral way. Although I consider myself to be a fresh believer, I feel that I should practice Gods requests, in return teaching me right from wrong.Although Anne Lamotts Christian beliefs may not be considered perfect to some, in her defense she does not pretend to have her life entirely in order. It is a remarkable story of how Jesus has had such a prominent impact on her life. Overture Lily Pads is a clear and genuine example for any reader to relate to, as it is similar to our own journeys in life. It immediately goes to show that what we believe in the set-back is not always the conclusion we come to in the end. However the journey is all about the ride, helping us to grasp the process an d exercise what we impress along the way.

Clinical Trial and Nucleon Assignment Notes

Nucleon Assignment nones Porters 5 Forces Industry Analysis Competition Intense Buyer military unit discuss to high up oBig pharma companies promising experience a lot of occasion, although as a small firm, your power increases once you clear stages of drug trials. supplier superpower Unsure, deem? oThe miscue makes it go away like theres not many manufacturers out there for contracting purposes. Not sure what power suppliers of tippy materials have. terror of Substitutes Moderate to High oLots of firms racing to create the next blockbuster drug or treatment for big property illnesses.However, most drugs fail, so the likeliness of a substitute is likely only moderate. Threat of New Entrants Moderate oRelatively easy to start a new small drug research firm. sound need some lustrous scientists. Funding is currently difficult to come by, however. Nucleon Competition Moderate to Low oThe case mentioned they were in a pretty quoin area of biotech. Buyer Power Moderate to High oBig pharma companies likely have a lot of power. But if Nucleon clears phase II their power increases substantially. Supplier Power Unsure, Moderate? The case makes it sound like theres not many manufacturers out there for contracting purposes. Not sure what power suppliers of raw materials have. Threat of Substitutes Moderate to Low oI dont think theres much out there in the way of switch off treatments (need to check on that). Threat of New Entrants Moderate to Low oThe drug research process is slow, so any new entrant in this particularized area is going to be significantly behind with little to no way to catch up. Resource Based View VRIO ValueTheres definitely value in a successful drug for fly off the handle treatment it also presents itself as a possible cure for other ailments as well (i. . kidney failure) RarityNot many alternatives for burn victim treatment (assumption based on the cases voice) large molecule research is mollify new and rare, tough to find o ut into. Imitability Not very imitable, especially if Nucleon can gain strong patent protection. Also, the slow development time means that notwithstanding if another firm could mime a similar drug, it would take time. OrganizationNucleon is currently not organized to begin trials and manufacturing of this drug. They also dont have a significant substance of pecuniary backing at this point.Transaction Based Economics Hold-ups Contract manufacturer could hold up Nucleon for more money if drug passes phases and becomes more likely to be successful. Contract manufacturer could increase manufacturing costs, slow production, or create problems in quality in order to hold up Nucleon. extracts Going Forward Option 1 Build Pilot Plant Pros Nucleon keeps tighter control of IP Can retain ownership of product rights through phase I and II more than flexibility Can begin to develop ply for in-house manufacturing, making scaling later easier Cons Expensive (likely need more financial back ing/dont have enough as is) endangermenty oDrug could fail in clinical trials (which statistically is likely) oProcess uncertainty bacterial vs. mammalian cells Distracts Nucleons financial and human capital of the United States away from their core, the drug R&D Option 2 Contract Manufacturing Pros No major upfront capital investment funds Access to experienced manufacturing facilities and staff immediately Retain ownership of product rights through phase I and II Cons Still not cheap doesnt save Nucleon much money over Option 1 Risk of IP issues Contract specifics are very difficult to hash out delinquent to the nature of biotech No straightaway than building their own plant due to slow process of negotiating, knowledge transfer, then scale-up Option 3 Licensing Pros No capital investment Little to no risk Simple allows Nucleon to focus on the R&D Immediate cash flow Keep rights for CRP-1 for other uses (other than for burn treatment) Cons Much less make out in the profits i f drug is successful (mortgage the companys success) Would likely lower employee morale, which could in turn decrease likelihood of success of drug Risk of IP issuesClinical Trial and Nucleon Assignment NotesNucleon Assignment Notes Porters 5 Forces Industry Analysis Competition Intense Buyer Power Moderate to High oBig pharma companies likely have a lot of power, although as a small firm, your power increases once you clear phases of drug trials. Supplier Power Unsure, Moderate? oThe case makes it sound like theres not many manufacturers out there for contracting purposes. Not sure what power suppliers of raw materials have. Threat of Substitutes Moderate to High oLots of firms racing to create the next blockbuster drug or treatment for big money illnesses.However, most drugs fail, so the likelihood of a substitute is probably only moderate. Threat of New Entrants Moderate oRelatively easy to start a new small drug research firm. Just need some smart scientists. Funding is currentl y difficult to come by, however. Nucleon Competition Moderate to Low oThe case mentioned they were in a pretty niche area of biotech. Buyer Power Moderate to High oBig pharma companies likely have a lot of power. But if Nucleon clears phase II their power increases substantially. Supplier Power Unsure, Moderate? The case makes it sound like theres not many manufacturers out there for contracting purposes. Not sure what power suppliers of raw materials have. Threat of Substitutes Moderate to Low oI dont think theres much out there in the way of burn treatments (need to check on that). Threat of New Entrants Moderate to Low oThe drug research process is slow, so any new entrant in this specific area is going to be significantly behind with little to no way to catch up. Resource Based View VRIO ValueTheres definitely value in a successful drug for burn treatment it also presents itself as a possible cure for other ailments as well (i. . kidney failure) RarityNot many alternatives for b urn victim treatment (assumption based on the cases voice) large molecule research is still new and rare, tough to get into. Imitability Not very imitable, especially if Nucleon can gain strong patent protection. Also, the slow development time means that even if another firm could mimic a similar drug, it would take time. OrganizationNucleon is currently not organized to begin trials and manufacturing of this drug. They also dont have a significant amount of financial backing at this point.Transaction Based Economics Hold-ups Contract manufacturer could hold up Nucleon for more money if drug passes phases and becomes more likely to be successful. Contract manufacturer could increase manufacturing costs, slow production, or create problems in quality in order to hold up Nucleon. Options Going Forward Option 1 Build Pilot Plant Pros Nucleon keeps tighter control of IP Can retain ownership of product rights through phase I and II More flexibility Can begin to develop staff for in-hous e manufacturing, making scaling later easier Cons Expensive (likely need more financial backing/dont have enough as is) Risky oDrug could fail in clinical trials (which statistically is likely) oProcess uncertainty bacterial vs. mammalian cells Distracts Nucleons financial and human capital away from their core, the drug R&D Option 2 Contract Manufacturing Pros No major upfront capital investment Access to experienced manufacturing facilities and staff immediately Retain ownership of product rights through phase I and II Cons Still not cheap doesnt save Nucleon much money over Option 1 Risk of IP issues Contract specifics are very difficult to hash out due to the nature of biotech No faster than building their own plant due to slow process of negotiating, knowledge transfer, then scale-up Option 3 Licensing Pros No capital investment Little to no risk Simple allows Nucleon to focus on the R&D Immediate cash flow Keep rights for CRP-1 for other uses (other than for burn treatment) Co ns Much less share in the profits if drug is successful (mortgage the companys success) Would likely lower employee morale, which could in turn decrease likelihood of success of drug Risk of IP issues

Factors influencing participation in sport Essay

Some people have very different views on training and the factors that affect them to participate in magnetic declination. They have very different attitudes to training.Im doing climate affecting participation.Some people may want to go out in the rain and train as they may settle this enjoyable, but a lot of other people may dislike the cold and wet weather and stay indoors to participate in sport or just sit about.Also the majority of people would rather be outside, but in the warmth, with the sun shining.The countrys climate is a big factor that affects the participation and compositors case of sport that they do, this also affects their attitudes towards training, for example, people in Australia will play more outdoor sports such as windsurfing and skateboard as their climate is ideal for this type of exercise.Kenya has produced a lot of world class athletes, this is due to their climate, hot and dry completely year. This encourages people to train a lot more and also outdo ors.Kenya are world class at long distance running as are morocco, this is mostly due to when they train, and what type of weather they train in. If the weather is hot all the time, athletes will train on a regular basis, but if the weather is cold and wet, the athletes will not be motivated enough to go out and train, they will either train indoors or simply just sit around and chink tv or play boardgames. This is the scene in Northern Ireland, and Sweden etc as these countries have unpredictable weather and climates so no one knows what type of daylight it is going to be. When the weather changes this can change most athletes attitude to training.The heat outside motivates athletes to train outdoors.Fumes from traffic and factories, over a long finale of time will start to affect the community in which people live in, this will, in actual fact, do work you bad health. The fumes will bring harm to your lungs and make breathing difficult. This means your fitness level will suffe r.The environment also affects your performance in a sport event for example, on a hot day you can overheat which makes you weak and dizzy. And figure what a windy day can do to a tennis match, all these factors affect the performance and attitudes towards the training and participation in sport.At high altitudes air is thinner than at sea level, so you must breath harder in order to get the right amount of oxygen to your lungs. To perform well in a sport at high altitude you must firstborn need time to adapt to the climate and the type of environment you are playing the sport in.All types of weather affect the way in which we think about sport. Hot, cold, dry, wet.

Creativity in Maths Essay

The purpose and value of imaginativeness in primary maths rearing Within this essay I am loss to discuss the complex notion of creativity, In specific relation to imaginative teaching inside the atomic number 18a of mathematics. I will define the Issues of Interpreting creativity and the debates surrounding these issues. Secondly I am going to look at theories of creativity and the different views which have been argued. In relation to training, I will understand if the amount of assessment that teachers argon now required to do restricts how notional they crumb be in spite of appearance their deli re exclusivelyy of the programme.Furthermore, I will analyse the difficulties of creative pedagogy and the implementation of creative eruditeness across the curriculum, focusing on mathematics. Creative learning grass be highly beneficial for childrens learning and development, I will highlight the reasons for this and look at key theories relating to the debate. Lastly, I will look at policies and reviews which suggest that creative teaching orgasmes should be utilise across the curriculum. Wlthln education there are complex Issues relating to creativity.creative thinking Is defined by different people In many different slipway. Duffy (1998 cited In Brock, Dodds, Jarvis nd Olusoga, 2009) defines creativity as a means of forming new connections in a way that is meaningful to the individual. In this way creativity can be very personaful for learning, due to the fact that it can help individuals create new distinctions within their learning and gain a firmer understanding of what they are being taught. alike Kohl (2008) suggested that creative activities are about exploring exciting and advanced ideas in the hope of discovering something new.Through experimentation learners may stumble across knowledge that was previously occult to them, which gives them the opportunity to expand on their nderstanding. By provldlng children with creative opportun ities practitioners are giving them a chance to expand their knowledge through self-directed learning, In a way that Is of Interest to them as an Individual. Freud (1900 cited in Woolfolk, Hughes and Walkup, 2008) took a psychoanalytical approach to creativity.He believed that creativity is present in all individuals within their unconscious creative thinker and that it is brought about due to a wish to fulfil that individuals desires. Freud argued that all individuals have a creative potential, they just do not always display the use of it. Within children he identified creativity as ideation, a process of creating new ideas. When engaging in certain activities children will be creative In cast to gain more enjoyment from what they are doing. Maslow (1943), however took a humanistic approach to the Idea of creativity.He suggested that the drive to learn is intrinsic as Individuals strive to reach self- actualisation. Maslows hierarchy of ineluctably depicts levels of needs which Individuals can meet, starting with very basic needs and moving up to more complex needs which individuals have to strive for in order to achieve. He argued that in order for an Inalvlaual to reacn selT-actuallsatlon at tne top 0T tne pyram10 tney neeaea to extend their thoughts and actions through caper solving, creativity and morality.There are a number of issues surrounding creativity as it can be interpreted differently when put into different contexts. The middle demesnes of learning within education are now heavily assessment based and there is a strong emphasis on literacy and numeracy, which is having a negative effect on creative pedagogy (Eaude, 2011). Within the teaching of core subjects there is very little time allocated to creative activities, instead the pedagogical focus is more on the learnedness of nowledge and facts Cones and Wyse, 2004).It could be argued that if teachers look beyond this structured approach to learning there is plenty of scope for fostering creativity in childrens learning within all areas of the curriculum. In the area of mathematics, children are taught specific skills and knowledge which they will need in order to achieve the level that they are expected to in accordance with the National program (DfEE, 1999). yet, certain areas of mathematics involve a large amount of problem solving, which requires an individual to adapt their thinking n order to develop and discover how best to solve the problem at hand.Problem solving is seen as a creative process (Piggott, 2007). According to Cropley (2003, cited in Jones and Wyse, 2004) problem solving is intrinsic to creativity therefore the learner can be encouraged to use their creative thinking skills within the area of mathematics. On the opposite hand, children are often still given boundaries to work within, which again will stifle their chance to be creative or explore further possibilities. Creativity has been highlighted to be highly beneficial for childrens learn ing. Using creative methods of teaching can help to keep children engaged and motivated in their learning.Steiner (1861 1925 cited in woodwind and Attfield, 2005) stated that within creative activities children become more engaged in their learning and therefore are more likely to learn from the activity that they were take part in. If children are provided with activities that they find captivating and interesting, they are more likely to actively participate, and therefore will gain something from the experiences that they encounter. In order for childrens creativity to flourish, within heir learning they need to be given a chance to do things for themselves (Wilson, 2008).Nickerson (1998 cited in Adams, 2005) suggested that allowing children to have a choice in the task that they are given enhances their creativity. Also the fact that they have chosen the activity for themselves means they will have more motivation to work towards their goals. If children can direct their hol d learning, by being given their own choices, they will use their current knowledge in a creative way to decide how best to approach the given task. Teaching mathematics in a creative way is seen by many teachers as a challenge.Mathematics is often regarded as a subject with set rules and structure with right and wrong answers (Wilson, 2005). However, mathematics is not always recognised in its full capacity and can be present in areas which are not always deemed to be mathematically inclined, therefore making it a difficult subject to approach in a creatlve capaclty. Most teacners Delleve tnat matnematlcs snou10 De taugnt In a conventional and structured manner, although it could be argued that the reason for this is that teachers may not be confident enough to teach it any new(prenominal) way Cones and Wyse, 2004).Cropley (2001) would argue that conventional methods of teaching can have a negative effect on attitudes and motivation towards individuality as children may be encoura ged to work in a certain way in order to logically work out the answers. In order to be creative within their teaching of mathematics, teachers need to provide children with opportunities in which they can extend their thinking and build on previous knowledge. It is often argued that creative mathematics is only(prenominal) accessible to the more able pupils, however it is possible to include all abilities.Furthermore, children of all bilities will always be willing to engage in mathematics creatively if they are given the opportunity. The DfES/QCA (1999) stated that mathematics as a creative discipline can stimulate exciting new achievements for learners and therefore teachers should advance all childrens learning by giving them a chance to engage creatively within the subject area. Introducing creative pedagogy in the area of mathematics can have a substantially positive degree effect on childrens development.Children who previously had little confidence within the subject can be taught different ways of dealing with athematical knowledge. Introducing children to different teaching methods and expanding mathematics using a cross-curricular approach will give children the opportunity to make comparisons and link between mathematics and other curriculum subjects (Cropley, 2001). The use of cross-curricular teaching will give the children the opportunity to partake in learning which links to a subject area that is of interest to them.Mathematics can help develop childrens thinking skills and it is important for children to be able to think creatively within all areas of the curriculum (Cropley, 2001). Within mathematics in particular children sometimes may need to think outside the box in order to discover the answers to what they are looking for. Mathematics can also be a chance for the involvement of defraud thinking skills as children learn to calculate mathematical sums cognitively. psychogenic arithmetic may be seen as something children commonly enga ge in, however they need to be able to deal with numbers and mathematics in an abstract context before they can fully develop these skills. Overall, the subject area of mathematics is much more widespread than is always recognised. The use of mathematics can be applied across he curriculum and within childrens every day life. Therefore it is essential to childrens educational development. The National Curriculum (DfEE, 1999) highlights the importance of fostering creativity while still ensuring that pupils gain the essential numeracy skills that they require.The National Curriculum suggests that all areas of the curriculum can be taught creatively, even the core subjects such as mathematics. A number of schools work towards the development of key skills which are outlined in the National Curriculum Handbook, while also including opportunities to be creative within mathematics NCSL, 2005). I ne Natlonal curriculum ) InTormea teacners tnat wltnln mathematics children should be taught to develop thinking skills, problem solving and learn to communicate mathematically.However this document focused more on the attainment of the children rather than the approaches that teachers could take in order to build upon these aspects using creative pedagogy. In 2000, the National Numeracy outline (DfE, 2000) was published in order to look at the teaching of mathematics in depth and to suggest to teachers ways in which they could incorporate better pedagogy within the area of mathematics. In his review, Williams (2008 cited in DSCF, 2008) looked at pedagogy for primary mathematics in the curriculum.He argued that in order for the content of a curriculum to be effective it must be partnered with excellent standards of teaching. He talked about developing positive attitudes towards the subject through delivering mathematics in interesting ways which will engage the learner. Through the use of creative pedagogy teachers can provide positive experiences which captivate the learn er and therefore help them develop undecomposed attitudes towards the subject of mathematics. Similarly to Williams (2008 cited in DSCF, 2008), Ofsted (2010) drew parallels between the National Curriculum and creative approaches to teaching.They reported that children are more motivated by creative ways of learning, suggesting that providing experiences linked to the subject material within the National Curriculum, in which children can develop their creative learning, will in turn have a positive effect on their attitudes towards the subject. In conclusion, creativity is highly important within all aspects of the curriculum. Although it can be interpreted in different ways, this could have a positive effect as it llows for even more originality and diversity within teaching methods.

Sampling

SamplingSamplingis that segment ofstatisticalpractice concerned with the plectron of an in opposite or haphazardsubset of single observations within a universe of discourse of persons intended to give many cognition approximately thepopulationof concern, particularly for the intents of doing anticipations based onstatistical illation. Sampling is an of import facet ofdata collection.ALThe three chief advantages of move ar that the cost is lower, discip railroads collection is faster, and since the intercommunicateation set is smaller it is possible to guarantee homogeneousness and to fo downstairs the fairness and quality of the informations.Eachobservationmeasures angiotensin-converting enzyme or more belongingss ( such as weight, location, colour ) of discernible positive structures distinguished as independent objects or persons. Insurvey model, study weights disregard be applied to the informations to set for the arche typecast physique. Results fromprobabilit y suppositionandstatistical theory argon employed to steer pattern.ProcedureThe ingest procedure comprises salwaysal phases* Specifying the population of concern* Stipulating asampling shape, asetof points or events possible to mensurate* Stipulating asampling methodfor choosing points or events from the frame* Determining the precedent coat* Implementing the sampling program* Sampling and informations roll uping* Reviewing the sampling procedurePopulation definitionSuccessful statistical pattern is based on focussed job definition. In hard, this involves specifying thepopulationfrom which our test is skeletal. A population gutter be defined as including all people or points with the characteristic one want to visualize. Because in that location is really seldom adequate clip or money to garner information from allone or everything in a population, the end becomes happening a vocalism take in ( or subset ) of that population.Although the population of involvement o ft consists of physical objects, about clock we need to try everywhere clip, infinite, or some combination of these dimensions. For case, an probe of supermarket staffing could decompose check-out procedure line length at assorted times, or a survey on threaten penguins susceptibility take to under lose their use of assorted runing evidences over clip. For the clip dimension, the focal point whitethorn be on periods or distinct occasions.Sampling frameIn the most straightforward instance, such as the sentencing of a jackpot of stuff from production ( credence sampling by tonss ) , it is possible to place and mensurate every unmarried point in the population and to allow any one of them in our sample. However, in the more superior general instance this is non possible. There is no manner to place all rats in the set of all rats. not all frames explicitly list population elements. For illustration, a street map can be utilise as a frame for a door-to-door study although it does nt demo single houses, we can pick streets from the map and so see all houses on those streets.The sampling frame must be representative of the population and this is a examination outside the range of statistical theory demanding the judgement of experts in the laughable capable affair being studied. All the above frames omit some people who will voting at the following election and coordinated some people who will non some frames will incorporate four-fold records for the same individual. Peoples non in the frame welcome no pretend of being sampled. Statistical theory Tells us about the un trustworthynesss in generalizing from a sample to the frame. In generalizing from frame to population, its melt down is motivational and implicative.A frame may besides supply extra auxiliary information about its elements when this information is related to versatiles or groups of involvement, it may be used to better study design.Probability and non materialise stressfulA probability samplingscheme is one in which every unit in the population has a opportunity ( greater than zero ) of being selected in the sample, and this chance can be faithfully determined. The combination of these traits makes it possible to become forth in divergent unions of population sums, by burdening sampled units harmonizing to their chance of survival.Probability trying includes Simple Random Sampling, Systematic Sampling, and Stratified Sampling, Probability Proportional to surface of it Sampling, and Cluster or Multistage Sampling. These assorted ways of chance trying have two things in parkland1. Every component has a known nonzero chance of being sampled and2. Involves random choice at some point.Nonprobability samplingis any sampling method where some elements of the population havenochance of choice, or where the chance of choice ca nt be accurately determined. It involves the choice of elements based on premises sing the population of involvement, which forms the standard for choice. Hence, because the choice of elements is nonrandom, nonprobability sampling does non let the appraisal of trying misinterpretations. These conditions place bounds on how much information a sample can supply about the population. Information about the relationship surrounded by sample and population is limited, doing it fleshy to generalize from the sample to the population.Nonprobability Sampling includes Accidental Sampling, Quota SamplingandPurposive Sampling. In add-on, nonresponse effects may forgeanyprobability design into a nonprobability design if the features of nonresponse are non good understood, since nonresponse efficaciously modifies each component s chance of being sampled.Sampling methodsWithin any of the types of frame identified above, a assortment of trying methods can be employed, separately or in combination. Factors commonly act uponing the pick between these designs include* Nature and quality of the frame* Availability of subsidia ry information about units on the frame* Accuracy demands, and the demand to mensurate truth* Whether detailed analysis of the sample is expected* Cost/operational concernsSimple random tryingIn asimple random sample ( SRS ) of a given size, all such subsets of the frame are given an decent chance. Each component of the frame in that respectfore has an equal chance of choice the frame is non subdivided or partitioned. Furthermore, any givenpairof elements has the same opportunity of choice as any other(a)wise such brace ( and likewise for three-base hits, and so on ) . This minimises prejudice and simplifies analysis of consequences. In remaining, the discrepancy between single consequences within the sample is a good index of discrepancy in the overall population, which makes it relatively easy to gauge the truth of consequences.However, SRS can be vulnerable to trying mistake because the entropy of the choice may ensue in a sample that does nt reflect the make-up of the pop ulation. For case, a simple random sample of 10 people from a given state willon averageproduce five work forces and five bounteous females, but any given test is likely to overrepresent one sex and underrepresent the other.SRS may besides be cumbrous and boring when trying from an remarkably big mark population. In some instances, investigate proles are interested in research inquiries specific to subgroups of the population. For illustration, research workers might be interested in analyzing whether cognitive ability as a forecaster of rail line public presentation is every bit applicable across racial groups. SRS can non suit the demands of research workers in this state of affairs because it does non supply subsamples of the population.Systematic samplingSystematic samplingrelies on set uping the mark population harmonizing to some telling strategy and so choosing elements at regular intervals by that ordered list. Systematic trying involves a random start and so returns wi th the choice of everykth component from so onwards. In this instance, k= ( population size/sample size ) . It is of import that the starting point is non mechanically the first in the list, but is alternatively indiscriminately chosen from within the first to thekth component in the list.Equally long as the get downing point israndomized, systematic sampling is a type ofprobability sampling. It is easy to implement and thestratificationinduced can do it efficient, ifthe variable by which the list is ordered is tally with the variable of involvement.However, systematic sampling is particularly vulnerable to cyclicities in the list. If cyclicity is present and the period is a multiple or factor of the interval used, the sample is particularly likely to beunrepresentative of the overall population, doing the strategy less accurate than simple random sampling.Another drawback of systematic sampling is that even in scenarios where it is more accurate than SRS, its divinatory belonging ss make it hard toquantifythat truth. Systematic sampling is an EPS method, because all elements have the same chance of choice.Stratified samplingWhere the population embraces a figure of distinguishable classs, the frame can be organized by these classs into separate strata. Each form is so sampled as an independent sub-population, out of which single elements can be indiscriminately selected. There are several possible benefits to stratified sampling.First, spliting the population into distinguishable, independent strata can enable research workers to pull illations about specific subgroups that may be lost in a more generalised random sample.Second, utilise a pass judgment sampling method can take to more efficient statistical estimations ( provided that strata are selected based upon relevancy to the standard in inquiry, alternatively of handiness of the samples ) . Even if a graded sampling antiaircraft gun does non take to increased statistical efficiency, such a maneuv er will non ensue in less efficiency than would simple random sampling, provided that each stratum is relative to the group s size in the population.Third, it is sometimes the instance that informations are more readily available for single, preexistent strata within a population than for the overall population in such instances, utilizing a graded sampling attack may be more convenient than aggregating informations across groups ( though this may potentially be at betting odds with the antecedently noted importance of using criterion-relevant strata ) .Finally, since each stratum is treated as an independent population, different trying attacks can be applied to different strata, potentially enabling research workers to utilize the attack best suited ( or most cost-efficient ) for each identified subgroup within the population.A graded sampling attack is most effectual when three conditions are met1. Variability within strata are minify2. Variability between strata are maximized3 . The variables upon which the population is stratified are strongly correlated with the coveted aquiline variable.Advantages over other trying methods1. Focuss on of import subpopulations and ignores irrelevant 1s.2. Allows usage of different trying techniques for different subpopulations.3. Improves the accuracy/efficiency of appraisal.4. Licenses greater reconciliation of statistical power of trials of differences between strata by trying equal Numberss from strata changing widely in size.Disadvantages1. Requires choice of relevant stratification variables which can be hard.2. Is non utile when there are no homogenous subgroups.3. Can be expensive to implement.Probability proportional to size samplingIn some instances the sample interior decorator has entree to an subsidiary variable or size step , believed to be correlated to the variable of involvement, for each component in the population. This information can be used to better truth in sample design. One option is to uti lize the subsidiary variable as a damage for stratification, as discussed above.Another option is probability-proportional-to-size ( PPS ) sampling, in which the choice chance for each component is set to be relative to its size step, up to a upper limit of 1. In a simple PPS design, these choice chances can so be used as the footing forPoisson trying. However, this has the drawbacks of variable sample size, and different separate of the population may still be over- or under-represented due to opportunity fluctuation in choices. To turn to this job, PPS may be combined with a systematic attack.The PPS attack can better truth for a given sample size by concentrating sample on big elements that have the greatest impact on population estimations. PPS sampling is normally used for studies of concerns, where component size varies greatly and subsidiary information is frequently available for case, a study trying to mensurate the figure of guest-nights spent in hotels might utilize ea ch hotel s figure of suites as an subsidiary variable. In some instances, an older bill of the variable of involvement can be used as an subsidiary variable when trying to bring forth more current estimations.Bunch tryingSometimes it is cheaper to cluster the sample in some manner e.g. by choosing respondents from certain countries and, or certain time-periods merely. ( About all samples are in some sense clustered in clip although this is seldom taken into history in the analysis. )Cluster samplingis an illustration of two-stage trying or multistage trying in the first phase a sample of countries is chosen in the 2nd phase a sample of respondentswithinthose countries is selected.This can cut down travel and other administrative costs. It besides means that one does non necessitate asampling framelisting all elements in the mark population. Alternatively, bunchs can be chosen from a cluster-level frame, with an element-level frame created merely for the selected bunchs. Clu ster trying by and large increases the variableness of sample estimations above that of simple random sampling, depending on how the bunchs differ between themselves, as compared with the within-cluster fluctuation.However, some of the disadvantages of bunch trying are the trust of sample estimation preciseness on the existent bunchs chosen. If bunchs chosen are biased in a certain manner, illations haggard about population parametric quantities from these sample estimations will be far off from being accurate.Matched random tryingA method of delegating participants to groups in which brace of participants are foremost matched on some characteristic and so separately assigned indiscriminately to groups.The process for matched random sampling can be briefed with the following contexts,* ii samples in which the members are clearly paired, or are matched explicitly by the research worker. For illustration, IQ measurings or braces of indistinguishable twins.* Those samples in which th e same property, or variable, is measured twice on each topic, under different fortunes. Normally called perennial steps. Examples include the times of a group of jocks for 1500m before and after a hebdomad of particular preparation the milk outputs of cattles before and after being fed a peculiar diet.Quota tryingInquota sampling, the population is foremost segmented intomutually exclusivesub-groups, merely as instratified sampling. Then judgement is used to choose the topics or units from each section based on a specified proportion. For illustration, an interviewer may be told to try cc females and 300 males between the age of 45 and 60.It is this 2nd measure which makes the technique one of non-probability sampling. In quota trying the choice of the sample is non-random. For illustration interviewers might be tempted to interview those who look most helpful. The job is that these samples may be biased because non everyone gets a opportunity of choice. This random component is i ts greatest failing and quota versus chance has been a affair of contention for many old agesConvenience samplingConvenience samplingis a type of nonprobability trying which involves the sample being drawn from that portion of the population which is close to manus. That is, a sample population selected because it is readily available and convenient. The research worker utilizing such a sample can non scientifically do generalisations about the entire population from this sample because it would non be representative plenty. For illustration, if the interviewer was to carry on such a study at a obtain centre early in the forenoon on a given twenty-four hours, the people that he/she could interview would be limited to those given there at that given clip, which would non stand for the positions of other members of confederacy in such an country, if the study was to be conducted at different times of twenty-four hours and several times per hebdomad. This type of trying is most utile for pilot proving. Several of import considerations for research workers utilizing convenience samples include* Are at that place controls within the research design or experiment which can function to decrease the impact of a non-random, convenience sample whereby guaranting the consequences will be more representative of the population?* Is at that place good ground to believe that a peculiar convenience sample would or should react or act otherwise than a random sample from the same population?* Is the inquiry being asked by the research 1 that can adequately be answered utilizing a convenience sample?Panel samplingPanel samplingis the method of first choosing a group of participants through a random trying method and so inquiring that group for the same information once more several times over a period of clip. Therefore, each participant is given the same study or interview at two or more clip points each period of informations aggregation is called a moving ridgeline . Thi s trying methodological analysis is frequently chosen for big graduated table or nation-wide surveies in order to estimate alterations in the population with respect to any figure of variables from chronic unwellness to occupation emphasis to weekly nutrient outgos. Panel sampling can besides be used to inform research workers about within-person wellness alterations due to age or aid explicate alterations in uninterrupted dependent variables such as bridal interaction. There have been several proposed methods of analysing panel sample informations, including MANOVA, developing curves, and structural equation patterning with lagged effects.Replacement of selected unitsSampling strategies may bewithout replacementorwith replacing. For illustration, if we catch fish, mensurate them, and instantly return them to the H2O before go oning with the sample, this is a WR design, because we might stop up catching and mensurating the same fish more than one time. However, if we do non return the fish to the H2O ( e.g. if we eat the fish ) , this becomes a WOR design.FormulasWhere the frame and population are indistinguishable, statistical theory outputs exact recommendations onsample size. However, where it is non straightforward to specify a frame representative of the population, it is more of import to understand thecause systemof which the population are results and to guarantee that all beginnings of fluctuation are embraced in the frame. Large Numberss of observations are of no value if major beginnings of fluctuation are neglected in the survey. In other words, it is taking a sample group that matches the study class and is easy to study. Research Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journalthat provides an account of Cochran s expression. A treatment and illustration of sample size expressions, including the expression for seting the sample size for smaller populations, is included. A tabular array is provided that can be used to choose the sample size for a research job based on three alpha degrees and a set mistake rate.Stairss for utilizing sample size tabular arraies1. Contend the consequence size of involvement, ? , and ? .2. Check sample size tabular array1. prefer the tabular array matching to the selected ?2. Locate the row matching to the coveted power3. Locate the chromatography column matching to the estimated consequence size4. The intersection of the column and row is the minimal sample size required.Sampling and informations aggregationGood informations aggregation involves* Following the defined sampling procedure* Keeping the information in clip order* Noting remarks and other contextual events* Recording non-responsesMost sampling books and documents written by non-statisticians focused merely in the informations aggregation facet, which is merely a little though of import portion of the sampling procedure.Mistakes in researchThere are ever mistakes in a research. By trying, the entire mistakes can be class ified into trying mistakes and non-sampling mistakes.Sampling mistakeSampling mistakes are caused by trying design. It includes( 1 ) Choice mistake Incorrect choice chances are used.( 2 ) Appraisal mistake Biased parametric quantity estimation because of the elements in these samples.Non-sampling mistakeNon-sampling mistakes are caused by the errors in informations processing. It includes( 1 ) Overcoverage inclusion body of informations from exterior of the population.( 2 ) Undercoverage Sampling frame does non include elements in the population.( 3 ) Measurement mistake The respondents misconstrue the inquiry.( 4 ) Processing mistake Mistakes in informations cryptography.In many state of affairss the sample fraction may be varied by stratum and informations will hold to be weighted to right stand for the population. Thus for illustration, a simple random sample of persons in the United Kingdom might include some in distant Scots islands who would be extraordinarily expensive to t ry. A cheaper method would be to utilize a graded sample with urban and rural strata. The rural sample could be under-represented in the sample, but weighted up suitably in the analysis to counterbalance.More by and large, informations should normally be weighted if the sample design does non give each person an equal opportunity of being selected. For case, when families have equal choice chances but one individual is interviewed from within each family, this gives people from big families a smaller opportunity of being interviewed. This can be accounted for utilizing study weights. Similarly, families with more than one telephone line have a greater opportunity of being selected in a random figure dialing sample, and weights can set for this.

For four years the guilt still haunted my Mum

As we sat use up for dinner or tea as it has come to be called in our small two up-two down house, 174, Lonsdale Street, in that location was that same ominous feeling in the air that all too often filled me with reverence and a sinking sensation in the pit of my stomach. That would set the tone for the remainder of the even uping and more or less probably con keisterue late on in to the night and early hours.The hunger that now eluded my solid body had earlier been forced to become a brain over matter issue as I struggled fruitlessly with my maths homework, but now, tea was ready. Unfortunately though, my hunger was no more satisfy even after I had ravenously finished off every last bite of my half(a) yes my whole half of the gourmet dish of Heinz beans and sausage, so expertly cooked or rather generateed from the tin by Paul. This was another tell-tale sign of what was to come in the next few hours. As per usual, the rather categorical evening meal was complemented b y certain happenings in our house that even I struggled to deal with as I maybe would have done in the past.By now, we had grown used to, and even begun to accept, the position that Dad was no longer around to bring a sense of buoyancy and a friendly, smiling face to our home and our lives. Maths homework was left unfinished and certain D.I.Y jobs, such as the detonate water pipe in the small dingy bathroom at the end of the landing, were left leaking. and we all understand that life must go on and we must stay strong if not for our sake, for Mums. This was something we had done very well since Dad left. Just the two of us, until she found Paul.As soon as we finished our tea, Mum set ab kayoed busily clearing the table as I gear up the kettle on, offering Paul a drink and anxiously lodgeing his most-probable violent reaction. Much to my disbelief, he simply just declined the drink, but left the kitchen hurriedly, in a similar fashion to the one in which he had entered, irrit ably mumbling something nearly Janet and how he had had to put up with this for too long now and how he is not putting up with it for much longer.With this, my thoughts and fears were confirmed and my heart pounded once again. It had been plainly obvious from the secant I awoke that morning that they had been arguing the night before and it would once again be Mum who came out worse off. The atmosphere was tense all too often in our house. It was impossible to tell when things would turn over, but it was obvious that the tension was always at a light simmer, biding its time and appearing to await the perfect moment. It was for exactly this reason that I never invited any of my friends round to sleep or even to watch a film or for tea. The whole environment and aura is too aggressive, too alter for others to understand. In fact, everything that happens in our house with regards to this situation is kept to myself.Just as the kettle boiled my hear jolted back into reality and I p oured water in to each of the three mugs. I hear the front door close with a gonorrhea and the letter box swung backwards and forwards, probably abeyance off even more than it had before.We shant be seein im again tonight, verbalize Mum softly in her ever-calming voice.Hell be back, I replied tentatively.Oh, hell be back all right. Drunk as a skunk, no doubt. She even said this in a subtle tone, as if she had seen it all before and was now finding the whole scenario more and more monotonous.I decided that the best reply, was no reply.We sat in the lounge in silence. No just apart from Matthew Kelly on Stars in their Eyes gaily welcoming some middle aged house-wife from Wales as Christina Aguilera. I glanced across at Mum, still glaring at the television intently, steel-eyed. She did not even see to it up, not a second thought. Nothing. Perhaps all recent happenings had hardened her to such petty conductWhen Gillian had finished her piece as Christina, I drained the remainder o f my mug, said good-night to Mum and proceeded up the steps that creaked more and more with each processional step higher, and to my bedroom. The only place of sanctity I could find. afterward having only a wash due to the broken shower, I wearily clambered into bed and took out my football magazine from my bedside drawer. The last thing I remembered before dozing off to sleep was groggily reading an article about the demise of Spain on the World stage.The lines upon lines of text slowly transformed into horizontal lines in my mind and became wood, oodles of wood all lined up neatly, now vertical, forming walls. Fence panels. My eyes came into focus as I gazed around what slowly materialized into a beautiful open space, lined with borders and rockeries immediately before the mahogany slats, containing amazingly colourful trees, plants and grasses that thrived in the gorgeous weather. Now my mind caught up with my vision and I recognised the range as our old house. It was peacefu l. Perfect. Birds chirruped in the trees and a plethora of insects busily went about their duties. Bees buzzed in and out of open petals and buds all around the garden.Ladybirds landed gracefully on emerald green leaves and butterflies parading stunning spectrums of colour fluttered aimlessly in the gentle breeze. Beyond a finely pruned hedge towards the opposite end of the garden was a shot of light that glared brilliantly in my eyes. It drew me towards it with an almost hypnotic supremacy as I matte up the heat of the beating sun on my neck. I stood over the pool and watched tiny insignificant creatures skate on the waters surface, backwards and forwards with no evident purpose.Gradually, large elegant petals floated down from an overhanging tree, landing on the surface of the water charmingly. One by one they came down in to the water. At first with grace, make minuscule disturbances on the glistening mirror-like surface, but with each descent came a larger and more episcopal landing until the pool was littered with petals that gave the water a mystical purple-red glow.At once or so it seemed the garden was silent. Insects and birds still seemed to buzz, sing and twitter contentedly in and around the garden, but no sound. Silence. I turned back to the pool to see its emptiness. No buds, no petals, not even a virtuoso solitary blade of grass.My eye lids opened with surprising ease to focus on the blankness of the familiar surroundings. in spite of my disorientation, there were recognisable sounds from beyond my immediate surroundings. It took another moment for it to make sense. Mum?There was a loud, ear piercing smash, followed by a thud then an emotional cry of pain and scold I was right. All my thoughts and fears were so damningly correct, but what could I do? Was I to go down? My mind wavered. Could I help her, or was it not worth it? Would it only exasperate the situation? Could it only worsen the situation? It did on the previous occasion.Ano ther loud scream later, followed by a familiar bang and it was over. He was home. Her haven. She whimpered in his arms, but he was oblivious. Immensely intoxicated by drink, he had fallen backwards onto the empty bottle on the table. Well, that was our version. Who would doubt it though? Her numerous breaks and bruises were plain for all to see.For four age the guilt still haunted my Mum. And Chloe, the result of that fateful night.

Laws of Exponents

Laws of magnate Lesson 1 Rules of 1 Any number raised to 1 is equal to the number itself x? =x Examples parking lot fallacy 1. ) 4? = 4 1. ) 4? =4 2. ) 5? = 5 2. ) 5? =5 3. ) 146? =146 3. ) 146? =146 example Your Skill 1. ) 391? = 2. ) 45? = 3. ) 678? = 4. ) 99? = 5. ) 34? = Lesson 2 Product RuleTo engender two powers having the comparable base, add their exponents. x? * x? = x Examples Common Error 1. )a? * a? = a? 1. ) a? * a? = 2a? 2. ) 5x? yz? * 4xy? z? = 5*4x + y + z = 20x? y? z? 2. ) 5x? yz? * 4xy? z? = 9x? y? z? fare Your Skill Simplify the quest expressions 1. ) 3y? *4y*3y? = 2. ) 78x? y * -9y? = 3. ) 45b? *11b? = Lesson 3 Power Rule To raise a power, multiply the exponents (x? )? =x Examples Common Error 1. (ab)? = a? b? 1. ) (ab)? = a b = a? b? 2. ) (3m? n)? = 3? m n = 9m? n? 2. ) (3m? n)? =3 m n = 27m? n? Practice Your Skill 1. ) (-3pr? )? = 2. ) (2a? b? )? = 3. ) (6z? t? )? = 4. ) (16c? g? )? = Lesson 4 Quotient Rule If x ? 0 m and n are dictatorial integers . Case 1 x? x? = x where m n Examples Common Error 1. ) a? a? = a = a? 1. ) a? a? = a = a? 2. ) a? b? a? b? = a b = a? b? 2. ) a? b? a? b? = a b = a13b? Case 2 x? x? 1 where m = n Examples Common Error 1. ) a? b? a? b? = 1 1. ) a? b? a? b? = ab 2. ) 3a? *2b? 6a? b? = 6a? b? 6a? b? = 1 2. ) 3a? *2b? 6a? b? = ab Case 3 x? x? = 1x where m n Examples Common Error 1. ) a? a? = 1a = 1a? 1. ) a? a? = a 2. ) 8a? b? 2a? b? =4*1a b = 4ab? . ) 8a? b? 2a? b? = 4a b Practice Your Skill Divide the following monomials using the Quotient Rule. 1. ) a6b3ab2= 2. ) 25x3y45x2y= 3. ) 15a4x5y415a4x5y4= 4. ) m6n4p2m9n3p7= 5. ) k? j? c? k j? c? = Lesson 5 Power of a Quotient Rule When a quotient is raised to a power, each number is raised to the same power. xy2= x? y? where y ? 0 Examples Common Error 1. ) ab 3= a3b3 1. ) ab 3= a3b3=1 2. ) 2x23y42= 2? x 3? y =4x? 9y? 2. ) 2x23y42= 4x? 9y? Practice Your Skills 1. ) m2n34= 2. x7y3z5x2yz45= 3. ) s8f2a7s4fa57= Lesson 6 Zero Exponent Rule Any value, ask out 0 , raised to zero is equal to 1. x? = 1 Examples 1. ) 10y? = 10 2. ) f? = 1 Practice Your Skills 1. ) 110? = 2. ) 74h? = 3. ) c? = Lesson 7 Negative Exponent Rule A number raised to a negative exponent is equal to its reciprocal raised to the opposite positive exponent. x-? =1x? if x ? 0 Examples Common Error 1. ) x-7= 1x? 1. ) x-7=x? 2. ) y = 1y? 2. ) y = y? Practice Your Skills 1. ) x = 2. ) r = 3. ) dt =

Reviewing and Summarizing the Life of Sarny

A very powerful sequel to the arrest Nightjohn, Gary Paulsens book entitled Sarny a Life Remembered follows the life of a brave woman who learned to read and pen while being held captive by thraldom and how she lotd as an inspiration to her fellowmen. The story is set during the polite War and slavery was reaching its peak action. Therefore, the book was focused on the definitive themes related to war such as justice and freedom. Because the narrator was a female slave, the voice of the story is naturally defiant, brave, and sound of hope.This is a very qualification of novels that tackle about the lives of Black slaves for it adds character to the wholeness of the plot. In the memorial of the book, Sarny was already ninety years old. Her lifetime was devoted her struggles to unite her family, to keep her children safe, and to be able to serve as an educator to other slaves. In Paulsens work we witness how Sarny victoriously escaped slavery and how she taught herself to be l iterate, along with the other slaves she was with.She was married twice and her two children, Tyler and Delie, were separated from her when they were sold as debt payments by their owner. When she was able to leave her owner, she dedicated her time and effort to search for her children. After achieving emancipation, Sarny devoted her time in building a school where she would teach other former slaves to be literate. Other important characters in the story were Lucy, a young slave who has become Sarnys friend on the road, and Miss Laura, who helped Sarny hear her children.These two characters contribute significantly to the direction of Sarnys life. On the other hand, Sarny also served as an important factor to the developments of these two characters. Sarny is an amazing, informative book to read for all ages, particularly targeting the audience of young adolescents. flat though the main protagonist of the story was already in her nineties, the whole plot of the story would be edu cational and interesting for all young students who would read this book.There is a fair amount of racial violence and sexual issues that were tackled in the book so the readers should at least be adolescents. But as a whole, Sarny has a very interesting array of characters and its plot is really heartwarming. It is a book that deserves to be highly recommended for it touches important realities of motherhood, family life, slavery, social equality, and freedom.

We All Fall Down – Plus Related Text

Nelson Mandela, Former S unwraph African President, said later get oning a great hill, one only finds that there are m each(prenominal) more hills to climb a journey is full of obstacles, Mandela believed this on his quest to unify the S turn outh African volume whether they were disgraceful or white, he aimed to make them one. For a journey to be effective, they require self- touch sensation and perseverance, when you fall d experience you wipe out to get back up, and the most important thing that will inspire and influence a variety show is the reflection one undergoes once it has come to an end.Robert Cormier author of We All Fall Down, Clint Eas dickensod, director of Invictus and Rosemary Dobson, the poet coffin nail sheepfold the Sheets all consult their pieces of work to a journey directly or indirectly. In Robert Cormiers We All Fall Down he uses character development to express a journey. Two call journeys that are represented are the ones in which relate to Buddy Walker and Harry Flowers. Buddy has a problem with alcoholism and his dysfunctional family due to his father walking out on them.Harry is a artful character and he acts like he can control eitherone especially Buddy. It is ironic that Cormier gave Buddy the furthest name Walker to demonstrate that it was inevitable that Buddys father was going to walk out on them and contribute to what fuels Buddy to drink. The relationship between Buddy and Harry is subtle and hidden as they dont destiny many things in common a leave from the fact that they are both(prenominal) lost and dont seem to fit in.Although once compared to each other after the trashing of Karen and Janes house Buddy shows the beginning of his development through his feeling of guilt and demonstrating that he has some part of human respect in him, Harry on the other hand doesnt show any remorse and continues on with his emotional state not caring about how he acts and how he al demeanors gets his way. one of Buddys major developing moments is when he begins to move away from the group and continues to follow his own path rather than joining in with drinking and the other plans they make.Buddys two major inspirations to deterrent his drinking are Jane and Addy, Addy finds Buddys bottles and hides them and will not give them back to him and states the viciousnesss of omission the sin of doing nothing. Buddy won Jane on the base that he would give up drinking for her, although he tranquilize drinks it isnt as meaningful compared to the relationship he has with Jane. Harry removes dramatically as through out the novel he has a key moment at the end of the novel after Jane breaks up with Buddy.Harry calls Jane and says I took advantage of his shitty life he is a good guy and dont be so troublesome on him this shows that Harry has began to show remorse on his actions during the trashing is on a road to recovery. The similarity between all of the characters and journeys in this novel is that the y all want to belong. in like manner to We All Fall Down, Invictus excessively follows a journey of wanting to belong, reconciliation, and progression. Nelson Mandela was a prisoner for several geezerhood and on his release made President of South Africa.Eastwood used Mandela and Francois Pienaar as key protagonists to bring two divided nations within the one together. Eastwood uses character development to represent the journey of maven. Black against white. Mandelas mark was to unite South Africa and create equality for black and white people. hes unlike any person Ive ever met Mandela is not any ordinay person, he inspired an entire group of people to fight for rights and at the end of the film this is achieved. The Rainbow Nation starts here. Reconciliation starts here.Forgiveness starts here too. Mandela always believed in world the Rainbow Nation, he was rund and was inspired. His inspiration inspired he rest of South Africa. Eastwood uses the Rugby as Mandelas message to the world, he uses Pienaar as a way to get to his team and unify them to share his views on black and white South Africa. The key part to Mandelas success is the fact he washed-out several years in prison sacrificing a significant amount of time in his life to change the nation, and change it he did. Undefeated, Unconquerable, Invictus.Mandela wasnt defeated, he wasnt conquered but he conquered the South African common attitude and changed it to create equality for black people. The Rainbow Nation starts here. Mandela inspired a nation and the world, helped Pienaar motivate his team an his country to support them trough a rough time and lead themselves to the victory and the credit of winning the World Cup and gave something to all South Africans to share, a reborn nation and the glory of success. Invictus and Folding the Sheets share the similarity of recognising champion.The genius of a nation and the unity of a world and the elements. Dobson uses unity to represent her j ourney from Lapland to India. Dobsons message in her poem is achieving world peace and unity You and I will fold the sheets. He folding of the sheet represents a job that is hard to be effected by ones elf but requires several people to make it easy if they work together, which also relates to how we can work together to achieve world peace and unity between all nations copious or poor, great or weak.The use of mentioning three of the elements earlier on it the poem and stating the fourth in the end represents unity and the coming together of a balance of the earth which van also relate to the coming together of the world Together we will match the corners, it is not possible to achieve unity single handed, it requires a shared belief in achieving it. These three text-types all relate to journeys as they share the commonality of unity and character development.They show how a journey can either be completed by moving away from people and showing you can stand for yourself and not be controlled by a manipulator, or if you wish to achieve unity or justice then you cant change the world or a nation by your self, you require to share a common belief that it can be done. In their own unique ways We all Fall Down, Invictus and Folding the Sheets all relate to a journey. The two texts and the film all show that we encounter heartache along the way but perseverance and motivation can help us continue no matter how hard the path ahead is.

Comparison of U.S. & Other Health System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparison of U.S. & Other wellness System - Essay ExampleHowever higher(prenominal) be does not mean better feature of life, health statistics in Spain show higher life expectancies (82.2 years), note mortality rates (10.9/1000), and overall lower incidences of population major diseases (diabetes9.0%, cardiovascular diseases 23.15%, obesity 23.95%) comp atomic number 18d to US life expectancies (78.6 years) mortality rates (13.9/1000), major diseases (diabetes10.85%, cardiovascular diseases 15.6%, obesity 31.7% ) (National Center for Health Statistics, 2013 World Health Organization, WHO, 2012). Differences come from lifestyle habits, the Spanish have an active lifestyle and Mediterranean diet, and the US a sedentary lifestyle coupled with unbalanced diet (Borkan, et al., 2010 The Department for Professional Employees, DPE, 2013 National Center for Health Statistics, 2013 WHO, 2012). Health Care funding Comparison between US and Spain The US has hybrid healthcare financing g overnment medical tri hardlye is combined with private or group insurance for payments private funding ( insurance or undivideds out-of-pocket payments) amount up to 50% of the total health care spending, with the rest from federal official (38%) and local or state funds (12%) (DPE, 2013). For Spain, after healthcare reform financing is also shared, but the government pays up to 74% of the expenses, the rest is paid by somebodys or employers (Legido-Quigley, et al., 2013). Spanish healthcare relies more than heavily on taxes than US healthcare, contributing to lower healthcare costs per person compared with the latter (WHO, 2012). Health Care Administration Comparison between US and Spain The US principal agency in healthcare provision is the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), which works with other agencies (e.g. Agency for Healthcare research and Quality, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, etc.) to improve the populations health through research and develo pment, establishment of quality standards, among others (National Center for Health Statistics, 2013). In Spain the Spanish National Institute of Health (Instituto Nacional de Salud, INSALUD) similarly functions as the HHS in providing the public with quality health services, however unlike HHS it is decentralized and delegates power over regional health communities (Borkan, et al., 2010). Health Care Personnel and Facilities Comparison between US and Spain Only around one-fifths of the healthcare facilities in the US are government-owned and the rest are private institutions, accounting for high healthcare costs per individual (DPE, 2013). A low physician-to-patient ratio of 24 physicians per 10,000 people promotes high healthcare costs but little quality services (Holtz, 2008 National Center for Health Statistics, 2013). In Spain, healthcare facilities are mostly government-owned and subsidized, and physicians and nurses are salaried, which reduce additional costs per individual (Borkan, et al., 2010). Also, services are better due to a higher physician-to-patient ratio, 39 per 10,000 persons (WHO, 2012). Access and Inequality Issues Comparison between US and Spain US ranks first in equipment casualty of health care responsiveness due to its state-of-the-art health care delivery system, which contributes to an increase in preventable deaths (Holtz, 2008 WHO, 2012). Spain

The Making of Modern Africa Final Exam Assignment

The qualification of Modern Africa Final Exam - Assignment ExampleThe industrial revolution of Europe and North Africa undeniable raw materials to fuel its growth. Through the vast resources within the African continent, European powers could obtain sufficient resources to allow for to the needs of the Industrial revolution2. Inevitably in 1884 the Berlin Conference took place in order to determine how 13 European Nations and the United States could impose its rule on 50 African nations2. Consequentially, the Berlin Conference resulted in the section of Africa without regard to issues such as Nationalisation, language, culture and other unifying factors2.The two most dominant compound powers after the scramble and partition of Africa were France and Britain. The two powers were driven by several political, social and economic reasons for colonialism in colonial Africa. The European patriots were driven be the desire to colonize distant lands for the grandeur of their countrys3. adept particular example is the conquest by Britains Cecil John Rhodes. The British explorer was able to product a huge chunk of central Africa for the honour of his king. Khapoya observes that through the scientific knowledge collected by geographers, European powers were able to determine if a certain area was worth laying claim to3. smashing Britain used its naval and military advantage to secure Egypt, part of Sudan, Somaliland, British East Africa and most of Confederate African region4. Tvedt argues that British conquest of Egypt was essentially hydrological and related to Nile control upstream coupled with the benet of British economic interests in Egypt3.This British Nile Imperialism sparked British advances into tropical Africa from Egypt and further enhanced the Nations commercialised expansion to other regions. The British understood the river system of the Nile and the commercial benefits accrued to this region. Therefore, driven by economic and political

Interpersonal Communication Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Inter personalised Communication Skills - Essay ExampleCulture is the factor that gives valet de chambre beings their identity. Human beings are considered unique among the animal kingdom on the planet due to their husbandry and hence, culture is the basic concept in sociology (Kornblum 2012, p.46). The existence of social organizations like family, group, corporations etc., depends on the culture they adhere to (Kornblum 2012, p.46). every(prenominal) the aspects of social organizations like thinking and communicating with each separate depend on the culture and hence, community cannot exist without culture (Kornblum 2012, p.46). Culture is defined as all the modes of thought, behavior and production that are transfer down from one generation to next by means of communicative interactions-language, gestures, writing, building and all other communications among humans-rather by genetic transmission, or hereditary (Kornblum 2012, p.46). This definition shows that every social oc casion that is made by man becomes a part of his culture (Kornblum 2012, p.46). As culture is ingrained in a person right from his birth, it gets late rooted in the heart and mind of a person. It is this aspect of culture that poses challenge for human beings when it comes to communicating with people from other culture. Interestingly, understanding other culture is not as easy as it seems, as even though culture is a social aspect of human being, it is also an inseparable personal part of identity. Culture is a complex set of beliefs and behaviors and hence is not a simple thing to understand (Kornblum 2012, p.46).